STEEL GRADE CLASSIFICATION
Intended Use of Good-Quality Carbon Structural Steel
| 08кп, 10 | Elements manufactured by cold stamping and cold heading, pipes, gaskets, fasteners, caps . Carbonized and cyanidable components that do not require for the high-tensile core (bushes, rollers, buffer stops, copying templates, gears, friction disks) |
| 15, 20 | Light loaded elements (rollers, пальцы, buffer stops, copying templates, axles, gears). Thin galling elements, levers, hooks, transverse beams, insertion pieces, bolts, drawbars etc. |
| 30, 35 | Elements of low tension (shafts, spindles, sprockets, drawbars, transverse beams, levers, disks, shafting) |
| 40, 45 | Elements with the enhanced durability (crankshafts, connecting rods, gear rims, camshafts, flywheels, gears, studs, ratchets, plungers, spindle shafts, friction disks, axles, clutches, racks, rolls etc.) |
| 50, 55 | Gears, rolls, guide bars, binding bands, shafts, eccentrics, light loaded springs and shocks etc. Used after quenching, both under high-temperature tempering and normalized conditions. |
| 60 | Elements with enhanced structural behavior and spring tension properties (rolls, eccentrics, spindles, spring rings, springs and clutch plates, shock springs). Used after quenching or stabilization (large parts) |
Intended Use of Low Alloyed Thin Sheet Steel and Universal Broadband Steel
| 09Г2 | For elements of welded structures, made of sheet steel. Satisfactory cutting properties |
| 09Г2С | For steam boilers, devices, and reservoirs operated under the pressure at -70 - +450 °С; for critical steel sheet welded structures in chemical and oil engineering, and also shipbuilding. Good welding properties. Satisfactory cutting properties. |
| 10ХСНД | For welded structures in chemical engineering, shaped sections in shipbuilding, and railcar building. |
| 15ХСНД | For elements of railcars, construction poles, and intricate profiles in the field of shipbuilding. Improved corrosion resistance |
| 15ГФ | For steel sheet welded structures in railcar building. Provides high quality of welding seams. Satisfactory stamping properties. |
Intended Use of Alloy-Treated Structural Steel
| 15Х | Piston pins, cam shafts, push bars, trunnion crosses, valves, small parts employed under the friction-based wear environment. Good cement stabilization. |
| 20Х | Cam clutches, bushes, spindles, sliding bars, plungers, drift pins, copying templates, spline rolls etc. |
| 40Х | For elements that function at both their average speed and average pressure (gears, spindles, shafts in frictionless bearings, worm shafts) |
| 45Х, 50Х | For heavy elements that function at their average speed and low pressure (gears, spindles, shafts in frictionless bearings, worm and spline shafts). High tensile strength and viscosity |
| 38ХА | For gears functioning at the average speed and average pressure. |
| 45Г2, 50Г2 | For heavy low-loaded elements (spindles, shafts, gears of heavy machines). |
| 18ХГТ | For elements that function at high speeds, high pressure, and load impact (gears, spindles, claw clutches, hubs etc.) |
| 20ХГР | For heavy loaded elements that function at high speeds and dynamic loads |
| 15ХФ | For compact elements, cemented and hardened by the low-temperature tempering (gears, gudgeon pins, etc.) |
| 40ХС | For fine elements of the high tensile strength |
| 40ХФА | For critical high-tensile elements, hardened and tempered at high temperatures; for middle- and small-sized elements of complicated configuration that are exposed to wear (levers, tappets); for critical welded constructions, functioning at alternating loads. |
| 35ХМ | For shafts, elements of turbines, and fasteners, functioning at higher temperatures. |
| 45ХН, 50ХН | Similarly to the use of the grade 40Х steel, in respect of heavy elements. |
Intended Use of Corrosion-Proof Steels and Alloys
| 20Х13, 08Х13, 12Х13, 25Х13Н2 | For elements with the improved ductility that function under load impact; elements that operate in at mild environments. |
| 30Х13, 40Х13, 08Х18Т1 | For hardened elements; cutting, measuring, and surgical instruments; valve plates of compressors, etc. (steel 08Х18Т1 has the best formability properties) |
| 06ХН28МТ | For welded structures, functioning at moderately aggressive corrosive media (hot phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid up to 10%, etc.) |
| 14X17H2 | For various elements of the chemical and aircraft industries. High technological properties. |
| 95Х18 | For hardened elements, functioning at high wear conditions. |
| 08X17T | Recommended as a substitute of steel 12Х18Н10Т for structures that are not exposed to shock impact, which operate at temperatures not lower that - 20 °С |
| 15X25T, 15Х28 | Similarly to steel grade 08X17T, for elements that function at more hostile environments, at temperatures from 20 up to 400 °С (15Х28 - for glass soldering) |
| 20Х13Н4Г9, 10Х14АГ15, 10Х14Г14НЗ | Substitute for steels 12X18H9 and 17Х18Н9 for welded structures. |
| 09Х15Н8Ю, 07X16H6 | For high-strength products and elastic elements; steel grade 09Х15Н8Ю is intended for acetic and saline agents. |
| 08X17H5M3 | For elements functioning at sulfuric acid media. |
| 20X17H2 | For high-strength heavy loaded elements exposed to fretting and shock impact in low aggressive environments. |
| 10Х14Г14Н4Т | Substitute for steel 12Х18Н10Т for elements, functioning at low aggressive environment and at temperatures up to 196 °С |
| 12Х17Г9АН4, 15Х17АГ14 03Х16Н15МЗБ, 03X16H15M3 | For elements functioning within atmospheric conditions (substitute for steels 12X18H9 and 12Х18Н10Т). For welded structures that operate at boiling phosphoric, sulfuric and 10 % acetic acids. |
| 15Х18Н12С4ТЮ | For welded structures functioning in aerial and hostile environments and in the concentrated azotic acid. |
| 08X10H20T2 | Non-magnetic steel for elements that functions in sea waters. |
| 04X18H10, 03X18H11, 03X18H12, 08X18H10, 12X18H9, 12X18H12T, 08X18H12T, 06X18H11 | For elements that operate in azotic acid at higher temperatures |
| 12Х18Н10Т, 12Х18Н9Т, 06ХН28МДТ, 03ХН28МДТ | For welded structures of various industrial sectors. For welded structures functioning at the temperature up to 80 °С in sulfuric acid of various concentrations (not recommended for 55 % acetic and phosphoric acid) |
| 09Х16Н4Б | For high-strength stamped and welded structures and elements functioning in contact with hostile environments. |
| 07Х21Г7АН5 | For welded structures functioning at the temperature up to + 253 °С and in moderately hostile environments. |
| 03Х21Н21М4ГБ | For welded structures functioning in hot phosphoric and low concentrated sulfuric acid at the temperature up to 80 °С, and in nitric acid at the temperature up to 95°С |
| ХН65МВ | For welded structures functioning at high temperatures in sulfuric and hydrochloric solutions and in acetic acid. |
| Н70МФ | For welded structures functioning at high temperatures in hydrochloric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acids, and other reducing environments. |
Intended Use of Plain Instrumental Steels of Various Grades
| У7, У7А | For wood-processing: axes, cleavers, chisels, chippers.
For small pneumatic tools: chisels, swages, strikers. For blacksmith stamps. For needle wire. For fitting and assembling tools: hammers, beetles, drifts, screwdrivers, compound pliers, nippers, oblique cutting pliers etc. |
| У8, У8А, У8Г, У8ГА, У9, У9А | For tools employed at the conditions that do not result in the cutting edge heating.
For wood-processing: cutters, reamers, forgings, axes, chisels, chippers, crown and circular saws. For crimping wheels, plates and rods for mold injection casting of tin and lead metals. For fitting and assembling tools: rivet sets, centre punches, drifts, screwdrivers, compound pliers, nippers, oblique cutting pliers. For gauges of simple forms and reduced quality grades. For cold-rolled metal strips with the thickness from 2.5 to 0.02 mm intended for manufacturing oflat and wrap springs and spring-based elements of complicated configuration, valves, dipsticks, reeds, lamels of splitting knives, small structural elements, including for watches, etc. |
| У10А, У12А | For inner cores |
| У10, У10А | For needle wire |
| У10, У10А, У11, У11А | For tools employed at the conditions that do not result in cutting edge heating.
For wood-processing: crown handsaws and bucksaws, frame saws, augers. For small cold-pressing dies (cupping, heading, trimming and punching dies), having no sharp section change-over. For gauges of simple forms and reduced quality grades. For dies, files, scraping tools, etc. For cold-rolled strips with the thickness from 2.5 up to 0.02 mm intended for manufacturing flat and wound springs and spring-based elements of complicated configuration, valves, dipsticks, reeds, lamels of splitting knives, small structural elements, including for watches, etc. |
| У12, У12А | For hand taps, files, scraping tools.
For small cold-stamping, trimming and punching dies, having no sharp section change-over, cold-upsetting drifters and stamps, gauges of simple form and reduced quality grades. |
| У13, У13А | For tools with the low wearability when employed at moderate and significant unit pressure (with no cutting edge heating); files, shaving blades and knives, sharp surgical instruments, scraping tools, etching devices. |
Intended Use of Spring Steel
| 60С2, 60С2А | For carriage springs made of steel strips, 3 - 16 mm thick, and spring strip steel with the thickness from 0.08 to 3 mm; for wound spring made of steel wire with the diameter range of 3 - 16 mm. Resistant to cutting. Peak operation temperature is 250 °С |
| 70СЗА | For heavy loaded high-duty springs. Addicted to graphitic corrosion. |
| 50ХГ, 50ХГА | For carriage springs made of steel strips, 3 - 18 mm thick. Resistant to cutting |
| 50ХФА, 50ХГФА | For high-duty carriage springs functioning at higher temperatures (up to 300 °С); for springs exposed by multiple variable loads. |
| 60C2XA | For large heavy loaded high-duty carriage springs. |
| 60C2H2A, 65C2BA | For heavy loaded high-duty carriage springs made of gauge steel and spring strips. |
Intended Use of Electrical Thin Sheet Steel
| 1211,1212, 1213, 22110 | For anchors and electric poles of electric machines under direct current, for rotors and stators of asynchronous motors of industrial-frequency power up to 100 kW, and magnetic circuits. High plasticity. |
| 1311, 1312 | For rotors and stators of asynchronous motors of power from 100 to 400 kW. Good plasticity. |
| 1411,1412, 2411 | For rotors and stators of asynchronous motors of power 400 - 1000 kW, small-power transformers, and high frequency motors. Satisfactory plasticity. |
